Entrepreneurship Training for Indonesia Migrant Workers in Hong Kong: A Post-Migration Preparation
Downloads
This study reports on a structured entrepreneurship training program aimed at Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong, designed to enhance their preparedness for post-migration economic independence. The program was delivered virtually through four interactive sessions, covering entrepreneurial mindset, business opportunity mapping, basic business planning, personal finance, and digital marketing. A total of 50 participants engaged in the program. Using a one-group pretest – post-test design, we assessed changes in entrepreneurial knowledge. Results show a mean increase of 5.79 points in post-test scores, with 75% of participants achieving near-perfect results. In addition, 100% of participants produced basic business plans, of which 80% integrated digital marketing strategies and 70% reflected contextually feasible business models. Findings are categorized into four thematic outcomes: improved conceptual understanding of entrepreneurship, integration of digital tools, development of locally relevant business ideas, and persistent gaps linked to education level and digital access.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Alwi, H., & Absor, M. U. (2025). Reintegration Of Indonesian Migrant Workers: Economic And Social Challenges In Post-Migration Contexts. 161–170.
Arif, F., Dewi, I. K., Nurhidayatun, R., & Agustine, W. N. (2025). Peningkatan Literasi Keuangan, Pemasaran Digital, Dan Manajemen Diri Bagi Pelajar Smk Menuju Generasi Siap Kerja Dan Wirausaha. Jurnal Peradaban Masyarakat, 5(5), 241–245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55182/jpm.v5i5.687
Baharuddin, G., & Ab Rahman, A. (2021). What is the most effective antecedent for developing entrepreneurial intention among Muslim youth in Indonesia? Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 9(1), 75–88. DOI: 10.15678/EBER.2021.090105
Bao, A., Pang, G., & Zeng, G. (2022). Entrepreneurial effect of rural return migrants: Evidence from China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1078199. DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1078199
Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Selected recent advances and applications. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 352. Doi: 10.5964/ejop.v16i3.3107
Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587940180040
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
Conway, G. (2022). Exploring sustainable livelihoods. In Revolutionizing Development (pp. 85–92). Routledge.
Databoks. (2025). Hong Kong, Top Destination Country for Indonesian Migrant Workers in the First Half of 2025. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/en/employment/statistics/6870817709d48/hong-kong-top-destination-country-for-indonesian-migrant-workers-in-the-first-half-of-2025
Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Lai, F. Y. (2025). Desiring home: Return migration of Indonesian migrant domestic workers. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 34(3), 530–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968251369137
Mardhotillah, A., & Furqon Sofhani, T. (2024). The Creation of Community-Based Enterprise in Indonesian Return Migrant Workers: The Role of Internal and External Factors. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12724
Muhammad, H. Z., Ramdani, E. A., Rahayu, Y. S., & Oktaviana, U. K. (2023). Digital Era Entrepreneurship Training for Indonesian Migrant Workers. International Journal of Community Care of Humanity (IJCCH), 1(2), 253–260. https://journal.lsmsharing.com/index.php/ijcch/article/view/87
Rupčić, N. (2021). Character-based leadership and tacit knowledge for learning and resilience. The Learning Organization, 28(6), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2021-274
Setijaningrum, E., Adna, A. Q. M., & Kandar, A. H. (2023). Empowering Returns: Social Entrepreneurship and Public Value Creation in the Reintegration of Indonesian Migrant Workers from South Korea. Thammasat Review, 26(2), 174–199. https://sc01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tureview/article/view/240597
Shabana, A., Muksin, N. N., Tohari, A., & Jamiati, K. (2023). Capacity building practices for Indonesian migrant workers: A case study from Penang and Hong Kong. 280–290. DOI: 10.2991/978-2-38476-016-9_28
Shao, S., & Dong, C. (2025). Can migrant workers return home to start businesses enhance the vitality of county economy? International Review of Economics & Finance, 98, 103950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.103950
Silva, B. G., Andriese, N. C., & Combs, J. G. (2025). Return migrant entrepreneurship: A systematic review and future research agenda. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587251322402.
Syafitri, W., Setyanti, A. M., & Finuliyah, F. (2024). Return Migration and Entrepreneurship: Does Human Capital Matter? Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 7(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.32535/APJME.V7I1.2921
Tsou, E., Steel, P., & Osiyevskyy, O. (2023). The relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behavior: A meta-analytic review. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503231214389.
Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.004
Widyastuti, R. (2024). Return, Reintegration, and Local Development (Doctoral dissertation, Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Bonn).
Copyright (c) 2026 Gunawan Baharuddin, Khalida Utami, Aulia Keiko Hubbansyah, Safitri Siswono, Yuli Ardianto, Tri Astuti, Fajar Kurniawan, Muhammad Dika, Cantika Putri Permata (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
By submitting your manuscript to IJABS, you agree and confirm that the paper you have submitted is your own original and unpublished work, does not contain any defamatory or other unlawful content(s), and you will accept responsibility for plagiarism. You and your co-authors retain copyright and grant BESRA the right of publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.
